According to self-psychology, it is essential that caregivers meet all of the following needs of children EXCEPT:

According to Kohut, caregivers are not always responsive, which leads to poor self-cohesion. It is essential that children receive mirroring that confirms children’s sense of greatness and perfection, idealizing of others through which children take in strength and calmness, and twinship or alter-ego that provides children with a sense of being human and a likeness to others.