The person-in-environment classification system uses all of the following factors to evaluate a client EXCEPT _________.

The Person-in-Environment (PIE) classification system allows social workers to classify and code problems in social functioning. It was developed as an alternative to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and incorporates a strengths perspective using a four factor structure to evaluate a client: social role functioning, environmental problems and resources, mental health, and physical health.