Sam is responsible for a system that has crashed, and she suspects that the cause may be malware. If the malware in question is file-less and resides in the memory, then which is the most likely file to contain information about it?

When a system crashes, a system dump file is created, which contains the contents of the system's memory at the time of the crash. The well-known "blue screen of death" in Windows triggers a memory dump to a file, which can be analyzed to examine the memory contents. The swapfile or pagefile is used to store information that cannot fit into memory, but it is unlikely to contain a malware package that is currently running since files are swapped out when not in use. Neither the Windows security log nor the system log is likely to contain this type of information.