Amanda wants to make certain that the message she is sending remains confidential. What should she do to ensure this?

Encrypting the message will make sure that it remains confidential as long as only the recipient is able to decrypt it. Hashing the message will result in the message not being recoverable, whereas digitally signing it can provide nonrepudiation. Finally, quantum encryption algorithms and the systems required to use them are not available today, meaning Amanda won’t be able to use them yet!