From a physical security standpoint, which of the following represents an equivalent concept to a VLAN?

Partitioning represents an equivalent concept to a VLAN from a physical security standpoint. Both partitioning and VLANs are methods of dividing a network into smaller, more manageable segments. This can be done for a variety of reasons, including security, performance, and manageability.
VLAN stands for Virtual Local Area Network. It is a method of grouping devices on a network together logically, regardless of their physical location. VLANs are created using special switches that can tag traffic with a VLAN identifier (VID). Devices that belong to the same VLAN can communicate with each other directly, while devices that belong to different VLANs cannot communicate with each other unless they are routed.
Partitioning is a more general term that refers to the act of dividing a network into smaller, more manageable segments. Partitioning can be done using a variety of methods, including VLANs, firewalls, and access control lists (ACLs).