A patient presents to the emergency department with a blood pressure of 180/130 mmHg, headache, and confusion. Which additional finding is consistent with a diagnosis of hypertensive emergency?

A hypertensive emergency is a sudden rise in blood pressure, with a reading of 180/120mmHg or higher. Immediate intervention is necessary. It may cause hypertensive retinopathy, resulting in hemorrhages, exudates, and/or papilledema. Other consequences of a hypertensive emergency include stroke, heart attack, aortic dissection, kidney damage, and pulmonary edema.