As you are aware, the certification exam will need you to demonstrate your knowledge of major Networks as well as port numbers (version N10-008). You also need to be quite familiar with the Transport layer protocols and the particular port numbers that these network services use. We will provide you access to the CompTIA Network+ n10 008 ports in this article so that you may use them to study for and prepare for the difficult IT exam’s section on Network+ port numbers.
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CompTIA Network+ N10 008 Ports
SSH & SFTP (port 22)
Safe Shell is a data encryption network protocol providing running network services across an unprotected network in a secure manner. FTP and Telnet are less secure compared to the SSH. Remote command-line, login, and remote command execution are common uses, but SSH may secure any network service. SSH servers that store data that a client wishes to obtain use port 22 and must have that port open for the purpose of accessing that data. Regular FTP, as previously stated, is an unsecured port, but Safe Shell FTP (commonly known as SFTP for short) is secure since it utilizes TCP port 22 and is executed via an SSH connection.
DNS (port 53)
Domain Name System (which is also popularly known as DNS for short) is a systematic and autonomous naming system utilized for types of computers, applications, or other entities linked to the internet or internal cloud. It links diverse data to domain names that are issued to each participating entity. To begin with, it simplifies the process of converting easily-remembered domain names to numeric IP addresses, which are then used by the underlying network protocols to detect and localize computer devices and components.
Alternatively, DNS may be seen as the Internet’s phone directory. The DNS will match the name of your client device with the IP address associated with www.YouTube.com for the purpose of transporting your client device to YouTube rather than remembering IP addresses to navigate to a website such as YouTube. The IP address of a DNS server (or a group of DNS servers) is often provided as part of the setup procedure when manually specifying an IP address. Even though DNS is technically incorrect, many IT professionals use the term “domain name service” or “domain name server” interchangeably.
SMTP (port 25)
Simplified Email Transfer Protocol (which is also popularly known as SMTP) is a method of sending and receiving email. For the purpose of both sending and receiving email, SMTP uses port 25, which is the same port used by both the sending and receiving email servers. To set up an email account on a client device, ask your internet service provider (ISP) or other entity that offers internet access about things like server type (SMTP, POP3, or IMAP), port number, username/password, and security settings for the server (whether SSH is utilized).
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) (port 20 & 21)
Computer files may be transferred between a client and a server on a network using the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). Web browsers also utilize FTP. In order to connect to an FTP server, the prefix ftp:/ is used. Enter FTP, hit Enter, and then type help at the FTP prompt to view the protocols you may use on Windows, Linux, and macOS.
The usage of anonymous FTP is supported by FTP sites where downloads are open to anybody. It is via the use of anonymous FTP that archive sites make their data available to the public. “Anonymous” is the name given to a particular account on these sites. The archive host’s “anonymous” user has only restricted access permissions and operational constraints. Some FTP sites demand a username and password to log in. FTP has the problem of not being deemed secure because of the clear-text transmission and authentication of FTP login credentials. Use Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) or FTP protected with SSL/TLS (FTPS) to boost security (SFTP).
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TFTP (port 69)
If you want to transfer a file from one host to another, you may use the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (which is also popularly called TFTP for short). In the early phases of node booting from a local area network, it is mostly used (LAN). Because TFTP is so easy to build, it was chosen for this application. It is possible to implement TFTP with a tiny memory footprint because of its basic architecture.
If you’re looking for a way to get a computer up and running on a low-resource single-board computer ((which is also popularly called SBC) or a System on a Chip ((which is also popularly called SoC), then BOOTP is the protocol of choice ((which is also popularly called SoC). Network equipment such as routers, firewalls, and IP phones may also be updated via firmware images and configuration files. In today’s Internet transfers, TFTP is almost nonexistent.
Telnet (port 23)
Telnet would be internet or local area network application protocol that enables bidirectional collaborative text conversation through a remote installation interface. It is possible to connect to a remote host or device over port 23 using a telnet emulator. In order to handle their files remotely, a user may connect to their website’s server through a telnet connection rather than merely retrieving pages and files via a http:// access. Telnet connections from clients need that a distant machine has previously been set up to allow Telnet logins on port 23 and that port has been left open prior to attempting a login.
Start a connection to a distant computer, then open a command prompt (Windows) or Terminal session (Linux), and then type telnet and press Enter to use the Telnet command prompt on a Windows or Linux virtual machine. Type assist and hit the Enter key to get assistance. SSH has supplanted Telnet as the preferred method of connecting to remote servers in the latest versions of macOS. Telnet may be installed, though, if it is still required.
DHCP (port 67 & 68)
There are several different types of dynamic host configuration protocols (DHCPs) that may be used to govern a network, but the most common is the DHCP server, which dynamically allocates an IP address to each device on a network so that it can connect with other networks via the Internet. Allowing computers to automatically request IP addresses and networking characteristics from the Internet service provider (ISP) reduces the need for network administrators or users to manually assign IP addresses for all connected devices. You must manually assign an IP address to a computer or other device, or you must use an APIPA address, which does not allow you to interact outside your network.
Your IP address may vary often if you obtain it from a DHCP server, which assigns your address dynamically. For printers and servers, a network administrator must manually give a device a static IP address to ensure that it does not change over time. These gadgets will be more dependable and accessible over time as a result of this. Ports 67 and 68 are utilized by DHCP, with port 67 serving as the server’s final destination and port 68 serving as the client’s final destination.
HTTP (port 80) & HTTPS (port 443)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (which is also popularly called HTP) is a distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information system application protocol. When a user navigates a hypertext page, they may simply click or touch on a link to take them to another site. This is all thanks to HTTP, the protocol that underpins all data transfer on the World Wide Web.
All major online browsers, including Internet Explorer, Microsoft Edge, Firefox, and Chrome, utilize HTTP as their default protocol. HTTP is prefixed with http:// for unencrypted sites, whereas https:// is used for encrypted sites (HTTP Secure or HTTP over SSL [HTTPS]). Ports 80 and 443 are used for HTTP and HTTPS, respectively. To determine if a website is safe to access, look for a closed padlock icon in the web address bar of your browser.
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SNMP (port 161)
An internet standard protocol for gathering and organizing information about controlled devices on IP networks is the Simple Network Management Protocol ((which is also popularly called SNMP). Cable modems, routers, switches, servers, workstation computers, and printers are just some of the devices that generally support SNMP and are frequently integrated into software known as a network management system (NMS). Everything SNMP-based is controlled by the NMS, which is the primary program installed on a computer known as a manager. “Managed” devices include the computers and other equipment that will be monitored. The NMS monitors the managed devices by installing a tiny piece of software called an agent. Port 161 is the SNMP port.
RDP (port 3389)
Microsoft’s Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is a proprietary protocol for connecting to another computer across a network using a graphical user interface. Using RDP client software (Remote Desktop Services) and RDP server software, a user may access another computer’s desktop (Remote Desktop Connection). Port 3389 is used by RDP.
NTP (port 123)
With the Network Time Protocol, computers over packet-switched, variable-latency networks may keep their time in sync. NTP’s goal is to keep all computers on a network in sync with each other and with Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) (UTC). With the help of a network latency mitigation technique, it selects time servers that are correct. As a general rule, NTP can provide accurate time to within tens of milliseconds over the public Internet and to within one millisecond under ideal circumstances. Errors of greater than 100 milliseconds may be caused by asymmetric paths and network congestion.
However, it may also be utilized as an alternative time source in peer-to-peer connections in which both peers perceive the other to be a possible time source. UDP port 23 is used by implementations to transmit and receive timestamps. As another option, they may employ broadcasts and multicasts, in which clients can passively listen to time updates following a round-trip calibration exchange. While NTP sends a warning when a leap second is going to be added, it does not include any local time zone or daylight saving time information.
SIP (port 5060 & 5061)
Voice, video, and messaging services all employ the Session Initiation Protocol to establish and maintain real-time connections. It is used to indicate and regulate multimedia communication sessions in applications such as voice and video conversations over the Internet as well as in private IP telecommunications networks, IM and LTE mobile phone calls over the Internet Protocol (IP) network (VoLTE). The protocol specifies the structure and sequence of communications between the parties so that they may work together effectively. With the help of several features from HTTP and SMTP, SIP is an efficient text-based protocol.
Multiple media streams may be used in a SIP conversation, however, they are not necessary for apps that transmit data as payload in the SIP message, such as text messaging. Servers and other endpoints generally utilize TCP or UDP on port numbers 5060 or 5061 for SIP communication from SIP clients For non-encrypted signaling transmission, port 5060 is normally used, but port 5061 is typically used for TLS-encrypted data (TLS).
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SMB (port 445)
Shared network storage, printers, and serial ports are all accessible through SMB (port 445) Server Message Block, commonly known as the Common Internet File System (CIFS) in its earlier incarnations. Validated machine-to-machine connectivity is also provided through packets that verify distant machines. For NetBIOS over TCP (NetBT) transmission, SMB utilizes ports 137-139 and 445 for SMB hosted on TCP. It was CIFS that set the benchmark for file-sharing through corporate intranets and the internet in the beginning. CIFS has been supplanted by newer SMB implementations in many cases (SMB 2.0 and 3.0).
POP3 (port 110)
An application-layer internet standard protocol, POP3 (port 110) Post Office Protocol version 3 is used by email clients to get an email from a mail server. Emails are downloaded to local folders from the mail server. Since email is only downloaded to one client device when a client device requests it, POP3 email is not a good option for those who often move between desktops and/or mobile devices. When retrieving email using POP3 servers, users commonly use SMTP to deliver it. Port 110 is used by POP3, which is the current version/standard.
IMAP (port 143)
A TCP/IP connection is used by email clients to get messages from a mail server using the Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP, port 143). Because IMAP was created to allow numerous email clients to manage a single email box, users often keep their messages on the server so that they may be accessed from many devices and locations at any time, unless the user specifically deletes them. Current IMAP4 is the most recent version. Your server’s name, your username/password, and whether or not it employs SSL are all required when setting up an IMAP email account. Port 143 is used by IMAP.
LDAP (port 389 & 636)
It is an open, vendor-neutral, industry-standard application protocol for accessing and managing distributed directory information services over an IP network using LDAP (port 389 and 636) Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. For intranet and web-based applications, domain directory services are critical because they enable the interchange of data regarding client computers, systems, and services across the network. As a result, a company’s email directory, for example, maybe made available via a directory service. Directory services are the Microsoft term for this. Port 389 is used by LDAP. Port 636 is used for LDAPS over TLS/SSL.
H.323 (port 1720)
H.323 specifies the protocols for packet networks to provide audio-visual communication sessions. Multimedia transport management and bandwidth management are addressed in the H.323 standard, which deals with both point-to-point and multi-point conferences. It is extensively adopted by manufacturers of voice and teleconference equipment, as well as by telecom operators and corporations for both audio and video applications over Internet protocols.
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Protocol Types
What is a Communication Protocol?
Two or more businesses in a communication system may communicate using any modification in a single measurement as long as the communication protocol is followed. Rules, syntax, semantics, and synchronization are all defined in the protocol, as are various recovery techniques in the event of a mistake. Hardware, software, or any mix of the two may be used to implement protocols.
Applications may communicate with other computers through preset ports on a network adapter, thanks to protocols. Port numbers on computers are used to identify protocols for the purpose of categorizing and organizing different operations on the system. This may be done by opening a browser and typing in http://www.TechnologyGee.com as an example. The web service TechnologyGee.com is contacted utilizing HTTP, the Hypertext Transfer Protocol. The web server TechnologyGee.com utilizes an unoccupied outgoing port on your workstation to transmit and receive information. Port 80 (the HTTP incoming port) on the TechnologyGee.com web server is always accessible to enable computers to connect to the TechnologyGee.com web server.
ICMP
In the TCP/IP protocol suite, the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a supporting protocol. Whenever an IP address tries to communicate with another IP address, network equipment such as routers transmit error messages and operational information indicating whether the communication has been successful or not. Protocols such as TCP and UDP are usually used to communicate information between applications, however, ICMP is not generally utilized by end-user applications (with the exception of some diagnostic tools like ping and traceroute).
Internet Protocol (IP) suite components include UDP User Datagram Protocol. It is possible to transfer messages (datagrams) to other IP networks using UDP. Channels of communication and data pathways may be established without prior engagement. Protocol methods are kept to a minimum with the usage of UDP’s straightforward, connectionless communication architecture. To ensure the integrity of the data, UDP offers checksums and ports for the source and destination of the datagram. Unlike TCP, there are no handshaking conversations to the transaction, sequencing, or duplication protection, which leaves the customer’s software vulnerable. In addition to basic inquiries and replies like DNS, VoIP and streaming media sessions employ UDP.
TCP – Transmission Control Protocol
When it comes to internet protocols, TCP (stands for the Transmission Control Protocol) is a key player. As a result of this, it is frequently referred to as TCP/IP, which is a combination of TCP and Internet Protocol (which is also known as IP for short). TCP ensures that data sent between computers connected to an IP network is delivered in a logically ordered and error-checked manner.
In order to send data through TCP, a connection must be formed between the client and the server, which necessitates the verification of each packet delivered. Computers that transfer data to other computers can’t put it all together if packets aren’t received, which means that a new round of data must be sent. Suppose a computer provides a picture of a vehicle, but there are pieces missing that show the tires. TCP will direct that computer to retransmit those missing components so that the image can be assembled correctly.
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IP – Internet Protocol
Using the Internet Protocol, datagrams may be exchanged across network borders in the Internet protocol suite. The Internet was primarily established by its routing function, which allows internetworking. Packets are sent from the source host to the destination host exclusively using the IP addresses in the packet headers, a process that IP is responsible for doing. IP specifies packet structures that encapsulate the data to be transmitted. It also specifies addressing mechanisms for identifying the network packets as coming from or going to a certain location.
A tricky area of knowledge is always believed to be network+ ports and protocols. The material on the CompTIA Network+ n10 008 ports that was just covered can help you pass the CompTIA Network+ certification test and advance your career as an IT educator.
